<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005' xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292</id><updated>2012-02-27T20:31:14.435-08:00</updated><category term='como nacen'/><category term='knowledge'/><category term='Robert Gallo'/><category term='George Clooney'/><category term='HIV'/><category term='conocimiento'/><category term='Ryan Gosling'/><category term='John Cage'/><category term='Stanford University'/><category term='Stanley B. Prusiner'/><category term='Kant'/><category term='Pioneers'/><category term='Apple'/><category term='Immune Disorders'/><category term='United States'/><category term='Google'/><category term='AIDS'/><category term='paradigmas'/><category term='IPhone'/><category term='Commencement speech'/><category term='Luc Montagnier'/><category term='Operating system'/><category term='Steve Jobs'/><category term='Foucault'/><category term='Origin of AIDS'/><category term='sabiduria'/><category term='libros'/><category term='wisdom'/><category term='Linux'/><category term='epistemología'/><category term='National Institutes of Health'/><category term='Gallo'/><category term='History'/><category term='Ubuntu'/><category term='Pneumocystis pneumonia'/><category term='Megaupload'/><category term='Articles'/><category term='medicina'/><category term='Health'/><category term='Rande Gerber'/><category term='Conditions and Diseases'/><title type='text'>Episteme</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default?max-results=100'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>7</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>100</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-3042778202313101203</id><published>2012-01-31T18:30:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2012-02-07T19:57:21.593-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Health'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='United States'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Origin of AIDS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Megaupload'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Immune Disorders'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Conditions and Diseases'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AIDS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='HIV'/><title type='text'>Le origine del mail (AIDS)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container zemanta-img" style="float: right; margin-right: 1em; text-align: right;"&gt;&lt;tbody style="width: 185px;"&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style="text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-img"&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-img"&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-img"&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-img"&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-img" style="text-align: left;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/7358281@N08/4375937402" imageanchor="1" style="margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: clear:right;"&gt;&lt;img alt="AIDS Awareness" border="0" class="zemanta-img-inserted" height="200" src="http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4017/4375937402_a23c523d50_m.jpg" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; font-size: 0.8em;" width="145" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;Este documental de origen italiano (2007) , se refiere a las distintas teorias acerca del origen del SIDA. Es un documental teatralizado, donde el eje de la discusion deja de ser el origen mismo del SIDA, para pasar a cuestionar las distintas razones por las que esta discusion parece no ser importante para la ciencia. De como multiples teorias fueron rechazadas sin ningun argumento mas que el criterio de autoridad, o la censura explicita de revistas como Science. La ciencia no trata de respuestas, sino de la busqueda de las mismas, y en el camino de la ciencia verdadera, nos encontramos con mas preguntas que respuestas. La ciencia nace justamente de nuestra ignorancia, de nuestra inquietud por conocer la verdad. Pero parece que cual la epoca medieval, donde la ciencia era propiedad eclesiastica, hoy tambien se ha transformado en una religion, dominada por otros intereses muchos mas oscuros. Y al fin de cuentas, las religiones se transforman en mas sinceras, cuando piden a sus creyentes justamente eso: fe . Y la ciencia de hoy se esta transformando cada vez mas en una cuestion de fe, con modelos matematicos que dificilmente puedan explicar lo maravilloso de la vida humana en la tierra, con sus caracteristicas biologicas, psicologicas, sociales, culturales, y en el contexto de un medio ambiente, que por cierto ha dejado de respetar. Vale la pena, y la alegria, el ver este documental. Y que lo disfruten como yo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=""&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="366" src="http://blip.tv/play/gYkcqos9Ag.html?p=1" width="555"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;embed src="http://a.blip.tv/api.swf#gYkcqos9Ag" style="display: none;" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class="tr-caption zemanta-img-attribution" style="text-align: center;"&gt;Image by &lt;a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/7358281@N08/4375937402"&gt;sassy mom&lt;/a&gt; via Flickr&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://2.gvt0.com/vi/eewqtoKTgpo/0.jpg" height="366" width="555"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/eewqtoKTgpo&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="555" height="366"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/eewqtoKTgpo&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;This documental has been in a full &amp;nbsp;performd in megaupload,, now you can si it in youtube, but in several chapters. The name and the issue is not relevant for where or not what was the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_AIDS" rel="wikipedia" title="Origin of AIDS"&gt;AIDS origin&lt;/a&gt;, or perhaps yes, but the most important about this is that the documental criticeze the way of the science today. I hope you enjoy it and let you think as I did.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://europeancitizen.org/2011/12/01/today-is-world-aids-day/"&gt;Today is World AIDS day&lt;/a&gt; (europeancitizen.org)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://socyberty.com/issues/problem-of-aids-in-the-society/"&gt;Problem of Aids in The Society&lt;/a&gt; (socyberty.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://teentech915.wordpress.com/2012/01/31/feds-say-megaupload-user-content-could-be-deleted-this-week/"&gt;Feds say Megaupload user content could be deleted this week&lt;/a&gt; (teentech915.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.zdnet.com/blog/btl/megaupload-data-safe-for-at-least-two-weeks/68246"&gt;Megaupload data safe for "at least two weeks"&lt;/a&gt; (zdnet.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/megaupload-users-eff-wants-to-help-you-recover-lost-files/"&gt;Megaupload users: EFF wants to help you recover lost files&lt;/a&gt; (digitaltrends.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21347-lethal-viruses-could-leap-continents-in-bushmeat-trade.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&amp;amp;nsref=health"&gt;Lethal viruses could leap continents in bushmeat trade&lt;/a&gt; (newscientist.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://zwingliusredivivus.wordpress.com/2012/01/27/its-a-shame-knoxville-elected-such-an-ignorant-buffoon/"&gt;It's A Shame Knoxville Elected Such an Ignorant Buffoon&lt;/a&gt; (zwingliusredivivus.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn21347-lethal-viruses-could-leap-continents-in-bushmeat-trade.html?DCMP=OTC-rss&amp;amp;nsref=online-news"&gt;Lethal viruses could leap continents in bushmeat trade&lt;/a&gt; (newscientist.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-pixie" style="height: 15px; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://www.zemanta.com/" title="Enhanced by Zemanta"&gt;&lt;img alt="Enhanced by Zemanta" class="zemanta-pixie-img" src="http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=3b3625dd-04fb-40ee-990b-10db02ecb21a" style="border: none; float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7815741100643291292-3042778202313101203?l=justformeoryou.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/3042778202313101203/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2012/01/aids-origin.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/3042778202313101203'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/3042778202313101203'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2012/01/aids-origin.html' title='Le origine del mail (AIDS)'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media='http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/' url='http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4017/4375937402_a23c523d50_t.jpg' height='72' width='72'/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-4950204918101555472</id><published>2011-10-14T21:19:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2012-01-31T18:31:27.404-08:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Robert Gallo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Luc Montagnier'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Gallo'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='National Institutes of Health'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pneumocystis pneumonia'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='AIDS'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Stanley B. Prusiner'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='HIV'/><title type='text'>El origen del SIDA</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h2 name="HEADLINE"&gt;HISTORICAL ESSAY:&lt;br /&gt;Discovering the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Causality"&gt;Cause&lt;/a&gt; of AIDS&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_B._Prusiner" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Stanley B. Prusiner"&gt;Stanley B. Prusiner&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#affiliation"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;*&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;G&lt;/strong&gt;reat discoveries in science are infrequent, yet they are the grist that motivates every scientist. This source of motivation is critical because most experiments advance our knowledge little, and even when an experiment "works," the step forward is small. Great discoveries happen within different contexts. Some occur when the scientists are not anticipating the outcome--these are genuine gifts of nature. Others occur when clearly defined questions, usually with "yes" or "no" answers, are posed. And often those posing the query are not the ones making the discovery.&lt;br /&gt;In 1981, the initial description of immunodeficiency in very sexually active, young gay men posed the question of causation (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref1"&gt;1&lt;/a&gt;). That report was followed by an alarming rise in the number of new cases of what became known as acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. The immunodeficiency associated with AIDS resulted in the appearance of a rare cancer, &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Kaposi's sarcoma"&gt;Kaposi's sarcoma&lt;/a&gt; (KS), and a number of opportunistic infections caused by, for example,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;&lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumocystis_pneumonia" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Pneumocystis pneumonia"&gt;Pneumocystis carinii&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Candida albicans&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref2"&gt;2&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref4"&gt;4&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;As the clinical descriptions of AIDS widened in the early 1980s, the dramatic reduction in T lymphocytes and a decrease in the ratio of helper T cells to suppressor T cells became the focus of medical investigators searching for a cause. And as the number of AIDS cases exploded to reach epidemic proportions, so did the hypotheses about its possible causation (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref5"&gt;5&lt;/a&gt;). The appearance of AIDS in distinctly different populations including young gay men, intravenous drug abusers, hemophiliacs, Haitians, infants, and blood transfusion recipients argued for an infectious agent. But what kind of infectious agent would destroy the immune system of so many different groups of people?&lt;br /&gt;With more than 20 million deaths from illnesses resulting from AIDS over the last two decades, learning the cause of this fatal illness was a major discovery, enabling the development of a sensitive blood test and effective drugs. Although I never worked in &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIDS" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="AIDS"&gt;AIDS research&lt;/a&gt;, as a neurologist I examined AIDS patients with nervous system complications, and as a scientist I was engaged in defining the enigmatic infectious agent that caused degeneration of the central nervous system of immunocompetent humans and animals. Most scientists would agree that the discovery of the cause of AIDS by &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Montagnier" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Luc Montagnier"&gt;Luc Montagnier&lt;/a&gt; and his colleagues at the Pasteur Institute and by &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gallo" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="Robert Gallo"&gt;Robert Gallo&lt;/a&gt; and his colleagues at the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=39.000443,-77.102394&amp;amp;spn=1.0,1.0&amp;amp;q=39.000443,-77.102394%20(National%20Institutes%20of%20Health)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="National Institutes of Health"&gt;U.S. National Institutes of Health&lt;/a&gt; ranks as a great scientific discovery. However, I became disturbed by the rancor that seemed to engulf Montagnier and Gallo at each stage in the acquisition of new knowledge about this terrifying disease. Some scientists were all too happy to involve the popular press, whose members were ready to write almost any rubbish that their editors would accept. In the mid-1980s, I had my own troubles with the press but because my work did not impact the lives of hundreds of thousands of people infected with a highly communicable, infectious pathogen, I could retreat by simply refusing to speak to reporters. AIDS researchers did not have that option--too many people were dying of this new scourge!&lt;br /&gt;By both reading the literature and speaking to many scientists, I have developed what I believe is a reasonably accurate view of what Montagnier, Gallo, and their numerous colleagues contributed to our understanding of the cause of AIDS. I have taken care to determine which of my views about priority are supported by the dates of submission and subsequent publication of manuscripts in refereed journals. After all, this is the currency by which scientific discoveries have been and will continue to be judged for the foreseeable future. I did not consider abstracts, presentations at meetings, patent applications, or hearsay. In retrospect, there is no doubt that Montagnier and his colleagues were the first to report the discovery of the virus that we now call human immunodeficiency virus, or &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV" rel="wikipedia" target="_blank" title="HIV"&gt;HIV&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref6"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;). Equally important were the contributions of Gallo and his co-workers, who showed that the virus reported by Montagnier was the cause of AIDS (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref7"&gt;7&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref10"&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;). The work of both Montagnier and Gallo was made possible by the earlier discovery by Gallo's laboratory of the cytokine interleukin-2 (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref11"&gt;11&lt;/a&gt;), which is necessary for the growth of cultured T lymphocytes that support HIV replication. The propagation of large quantities of HIV in cultured T cells enabled the development of a blood test for detecting HIV by Gallo's group (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref9"&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref10"&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref12"&gt;12&lt;/a&gt;). Not only did the blood test allow the convincing demonstration that HIV causes AIDS but, equally important, it prevented millions of people from becoming infected with HIV through the transfusion of tainted blood. Certainly, the Montagnier and Gallo laboratories were not alone in these early days of AIDS research (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref13"&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref14"&gt;14&lt;/a&gt;), but their seminal contributions dominate the field. The contemporaneous and independent isolation of HIV by my colleague Jay Levy at the &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.7633194444,-122.458538889&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=37.7633194444,-122.458538889%20(University%20of%20California%2C%20San%20Francisco)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="University of California, San Francisco"&gt;University of California, San Francisco&lt;/a&gt;, demonstrated the presence of HIV in AIDS patients and in healthy carriers (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref13"&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;). (Levy managed not to become embroiled in the controversy and so I will not further address his research here.) Despite all of the evidence, more than a decade would pass before there was universal agreement that HIV is the cause of AIDS (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref6"&gt;6&lt;/a&gt;-&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref17"&gt;17&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;br /&gt;Identifying HIV was the critical first step in defining the cause of AIDS, but, as Robert Koch so elegantly pointed out more than a century ago, showing that a particular infectious agent causes a specific disease can be an arduous process. This process is especially complicated when exposure to the agent is followed by an incubation period of months or even years before symptoms begin to appear. Such is the case with AIDS. Compounding the delayed manifestation of AIDS is the immunodeficiency that allows nonpathogenic microbes to become killers and other latent microbes to erupt. Pneumonia caused by&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;P. carinii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;is rare in immunocompetent people but common in patients with AIDS; yet,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;P. carinii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;is not the cause of AIDS. KS, a rare cancer in immunocompetent people but frequently seen in AIDS patients, is caused by human herpes virus 8, also called KS-associated herpes virus (KSHV), which is transmitted sexually but remains latent in immunocompetent people (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref18"&gt;18&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref19"&gt;19&lt;/a&gt;). Clearly, neither KS nor KSHV is the cause of AIDS. About 10% of people infected with HIV also carry HTLV-1, the first human retrovirus causing cancer to be identified (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref9"&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref10"&gt;10&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref13"&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;). Thus, the demonstration that HIV causes AIDS was no small task.&lt;br /&gt;I have suggested to Gallo that the scientific process might be well served if he and Montagnier were to write somewhat dispassionate accounts of how the cause of AIDS was discovered. Although Gallo and Montagnier tried to do this (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref20"&gt;20&lt;/a&gt;,&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref21"&gt;21&lt;/a&gt;), the need for each to be called the codiscoverer of the AIDS virus prevented resolution of the scientific dispute. The codiscoverer status had been a political solution devised by U.S. President Ronald Reagan and French Prime Minister Jacques Chirac in their attempt to resolve the dispute over patent rights covering the blood test for HIV.&lt;br /&gt;The three following essays are a collaborative effort by Montagnier and Gallo that describe the different yet complementary paths that each took to discover the cause of AIDS, and both authors concur with each other's description of events.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References and Notes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref1"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;li&gt;M. S. Gottlieb&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;N. Engl. J. Med.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;305&lt;/strong&gt;, 1425 (1981).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6272109"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref2"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;M. S. Gottlieb&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;30&lt;/strong&gt;, 250 (1981).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6265753"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref3"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;N. J. Ehrenkranz&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;31&lt;/strong&gt;, 365 (1982).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6815443"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref4"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;J. M. Karon&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al., Morbid. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. Recomm. Rep.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;41&lt;/strong&gt;, 1 (1992).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=1727973"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref5"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;M. Essex, in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;AIDS: Papers from&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;Science,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;1982-1985,&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;R. Kulstad, Ed. (AAAS, Washington, DC, 1986), pp. 3-7.&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref6"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;F. Barré-Sinoussi&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;220&lt;/strong&gt;, 868 (1983).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6189183"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref7"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;M. Popovic&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;224&lt;/strong&gt;, 497 (1984).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6200935"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref8"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;R. C. Gallo&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;224&lt;/strong&gt;, 500 (1984).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6200936"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref9"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;J. Schüpbach&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;224&lt;/strong&gt;, 503 (1984).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6200937"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref10"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;M. G. Sarngadharan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;224&lt;/strong&gt;, 506 (1984).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6324345"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref11"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;D. A. Morgan&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;193&lt;/strong&gt;, 1007 (1976).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=181845"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref12"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;B. Safai&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Lancet&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;1&lt;/strong&gt;, 1438 (1984).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6145881"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref13"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;J. A. Levy&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;225&lt;/strong&gt;, 840 (1984).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6206563"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref14"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;D. P. Francis&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;J. Natl. Cancer&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Inst.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;71&lt;/strong&gt;, 1 (1983).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6575197"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref15"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;J. Coffin&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;232&lt;/strong&gt;, 697 (1986).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=3008335"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref16"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;B. J. Poiesz&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;77&lt;/strong&gt;, 7415 (1980).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=6261256"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref17"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Levy called the virus that he isolated AIDS-associated retrovirus or ARV (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref13"&gt;13&lt;/a&gt;), which turned out to be from the same virus family as Montagnier's LAV and Gallo's HTLV-III, all later renamed HIV (&lt;a href="http://aidscience.org/science/298(5599)1726b.html#ref15"&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref18"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Y. Chang&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;et al&lt;/em&gt;.,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Science&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;266&lt;/strong&gt;, 1865 (1994).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=7997879"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref19"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;D. Ganem,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Cell&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;91&lt;/strong&gt;, 157 (1997).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=9346233"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref20"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;R. C. Gallo, L. Montagnier,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Nature&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;326&lt;/strong&gt;, 435 (1987).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=3550473"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref21"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;------,&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Sci. Am.&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;259&lt;/strong&gt;, 41 (October 1988).&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href="http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/external_ref?link_type=MED&amp;amp;access_num=3072672"&gt;[Medline]&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="ref22"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;I thank F. E. Cohen, R. Gallo, H. Koprowski, J. Levy, L. Montagnier, and N. Nathanson for helpful comments, and H. Nguyen for help with the manuscript.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=7815741100643291292" name="affiliation"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;hr width="60%" /&gt;The author is at the Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" bgcolor="0x000000" flashvars="&amp;amp;backcolor=0x000000&amp;amp;controlbar=over&amp;amp;file=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documaniatv.com%2Fvideos.php%3Fvid%3D2cfcb67e4&amp;amp;frontcolor=0xffffff&amp;amp;image=http%3A%2F%2F2.bp.blogspot.com%2F_w_xVhyISDmk%2FSqyCb0VICOI%2FAAAAAAAACwE%2FmVq1OD-F7ws%2Fs320%2FEl%20origen%20del%20mal%20(Vacunas%20antipolio%20y%20el%20origen%20del%20SIDA).2005%20(Christian%20Biasco)%20(Documental%20en%20V.O.Subt.Spanish.Espa%C3%B1ol).jpg&amp;amp;link=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documaniatv.com&amp;amp;logo=http%3A%2F%2Fdocumaniatv.com%2Fplayerlogo5.png&amp;amp;plugins=viral-2d&amp;amp;repeat=false&amp;amp;screencolor=0x000000&amp;amp;logo.file=http://documaniatv.com/playerlogo5.png" height="360" src="http://www.documaniatv.com/jwplayer.swf" width="555"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.worldtruthtoday.com/gracemj/2011/09/27/uncensored-film-highlights-further-evidence-that-hiv-does-not-cause-aids/" target="_blank"&gt;Uncensored Film Highlights Further Evidence That HIV Does Not Cause AIDS&lt;/a&gt; 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margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://www.zemanta.com/" title="Enhanced by Zemanta"&gt;&lt;img alt="Enhanced by Zemanta" class="zemanta-pixie-img" src="http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=5043dbe9-4f9c-4168-a393-7ebf55108622" style="border: none; float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7815741100643291292-4950204918101555472?l=justformeoryou.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/4950204918101555472/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/10/el-origen-del-sida.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/4950204918101555472'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/4950204918101555472'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/10/el-origen-del-sida.html' title='El origen del SIDA'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-1711548880383277124</id><published>2011-10-07T12:12:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-07T12:12:25.842-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='libros'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Foucault'/><title type='text'>Lecturas ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;a href="http://bibliotecamedicinafamiliar.blogspot.com/2011/10/foucault-y-sus-libros.html"&gt;Michel Foucault&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7815741100643291292-1711548880383277124?l=justformeoryou.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/1711548880383277124/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/10/lecturas.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/1711548880383277124'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/1711548880383277124'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/10/lecturas.html' title='Lecturas ...'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-4556214470081473648</id><published>2011-09-06T18:16:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-09-06T18:16:39.686-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='epistemología'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Kant'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='knowledge'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='conocimiento'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='wisdom'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='sabiduria'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='medicina'/><title type='text'>Epistemologia, paradigmas, conocimiento</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kant_-_SIL14-K001-05a.jpg" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Immanuel Kant" height="462" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Kant_-_SIL14-K001-05a.jpg/300px-Kant_-_SIL14-K001-05a.jpg" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 300px;"&gt;Image via &lt;a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kant_-_SIL14-K001-05a.jpg"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Una visión quizás optimista de la ciencia que la acepta como neutral, la propia ciencia se llena de pre-juicios y responde a los paradigmas dominantes de la&amp;nbsp;época. La escritura cambió de por si nuestra forma de ver la realidad, antes de ellos la transmisión del conocimiento era acústico, historias cantadas por juglares, y la escritura un don sólo otorgado a las clases privilegiadas, en particular los sacerdotes. No somos los únicos seres que nos comunicamos, muchas especies lo hacen, los delfines quizás sean los más conocidos. Incluso nuestra visión no es una adquisición natural, el propio Marshall Mc Luhan lo demostró en&amp;nbsp;África&amp;nbsp;mostrando una&amp;nbsp;película&amp;nbsp;donde los miembros de varias tribus&amp;nbsp;veían&amp;nbsp;resaltadas imágenes que los occidentales&amp;nbsp;pasábamos&amp;nbsp;por alto. Sólo&amp;nbsp;veían&amp;nbsp;en dos dimensiones. Una forma de visión que también se expresa en la pintura pre-renacentista, hasta la aparición de la perspectiva. Vemos acaso todo lo mismo ? El saber es algo inasible, miro un color y no se si ese rojo se representa en la visión del otro tal cual en la&amp;nbsp;mía. La ciencia no es neutra, y mucho menos objetiva, lo que ha dado lugar a que en la&amp;nbsp;teoría&amp;nbsp;de la comunicación se la conozca como cibernética de segundo orden, el sujeto no puede separarse del objeto que observa. Por ello, el mapa no es el territorio, esquematizamos conocimientos como mapas para poder operar sobre la realidad, y de este modo, si esto es aceptado por todos, el mapa se transforma en el territorio. No es nuevo en la historia de la&amp;nbsp;filosofía, el propio &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Kant" rel="wikipedia" title="Immanuel Kant"&gt;Kant&lt;/a&gt;, planteaba la disyuntiva de &amp;nbsp;"la cosa en si" (&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="background-color: white; color: #333333; line-height: 16px;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;"das &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noumenon" rel="wikipedia" title="Noumenon"&gt;Ding an sich&lt;/a&gt;")&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;y "la cosa para mi". Aceptando de este modo la diversidad de las visiones sobre un mismo hecho. La visión objetiva de la ciencia es un&amp;nbsp;fenómeno&amp;nbsp;moderno, que se da con la aparición de la escuela de &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=48.2088888889,16.3725&amp;amp;spn=0.1,0.1&amp;amp;q=48.2088888889,16.3725%20(Vienna)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" title="Vienna"&gt;Viena&lt;/a&gt;, que separa a la&amp;nbsp;filosofía&amp;nbsp;de las ciencias, por ser la primera sólo de carácter especulativo y no&amp;nbsp;empírico.&amp;nbsp;Así&amp;nbsp;renace el positivismo, y la fragmentación del hombre en cuerpo y mente, o cultura y naturaleza. Un paradigma que cada vez es menos posible de sostener.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Los modelos de producción no son ajenos a esto, resulta ocioso discutir si éstos dan lugar a cambios de paradigmas, o viceversa. La comunicación no es ajena, cómo estarán siendo moldeadas las vidas de aquellos que han nacido en la era de la información, los nativos digitales versus los inmigrantes digitales, o los analfabetos digitales. La información es poder,&amp;nbsp;así&amp;nbsp;decia Beacon, y si la información es poder, el poder no se regala, se lucha por el mismo. Y queda en nosotros ser esclavos de la información que nos es dada, o de observar la realidad y verla con nuestros ojos. Aunque siempre estará sesgada. La medicina no es ajena a ésto, ya que trabaja con personas, y para personas, que son sistemas abiertos, donde las matemáticas lineales no rigen. Aunque vale decir que tampoco rigen en la&amp;nbsp;física, y el tiempo hace décadas comenzó a ser un concepto relativo. Quizás sólo nos quede una sóla verdad, expresada hace siglos....."sólo se que no se nada" &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Que esto sirva para la acción y no para paralizarnos. Hemos avanzado en&amp;nbsp;tecnologías en forma casi infinita, mientras la mente humana ha quedado rezagada por religiones, prejuicios, guerras, conceptos de naciones, de poder. Estamos aún en la prehistoria del renacimiento de nuestros&amp;nbsp;espíritus, aunque esa palabra no se use en la ciencia, como tampoco se usa la palabra amor.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/ZfIjOsIaRus/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZfIjOsIaRus&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="320" height="266"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/ZfIjOsIaRus&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-pixie" style="height: 15px; margin-top: 10px;"&gt;&lt;a class="zemanta-pixie-a" href="http://www.zemanta.com/" title="Enhanced by Zemanta"&gt;&lt;img alt="Enhanced by Zemanta" class="zemanta-pixie-img" src="http://img.zemanta.com/zemified_e.png?x-id=8ceca74e-7df9-48ff-9ba4-b22ae1918ec6" style="border: none; float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7815741100643291292-4556214470081473648?l=justformeoryou.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/4556214470081473648/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/09/epistemologia-paradigmas-conocimiento.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/4556214470081473648'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/4556214470081473648'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/09/epistemologia-paradigmas-conocimiento.html' title='Epistemologia, paradigmas, conocimiento'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-2320106877413415213</id><published>2011-08-28T18:29:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-28T18:29:52.847-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='George Clooney'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ryan Gosling'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Linux'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Operating system'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Google'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Ubuntu'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Rande Gerber'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Articles'/><title type='text'>Veinte años con Linux</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img separator" style="clear: right;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tux.svg" style="clear: right; display: block; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"&gt;&lt;img alt="Tux, the Linux penguin" height="353" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Tux.svg/300px-Tux.svg.png" style="border: none; font-size: 0.8em;" width="300" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span class="zemanta-img-attribution" style="clear: both; float: right; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; width: 300px;"&gt;Image via &lt;a href="http://commons.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tux.svg"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #333333; line-height: 18px;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;section id="encabezado" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 5px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;h1 style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font: normal normal normal 35px/40px TheSans, Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 10px; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 5px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 22px;"&gt;Cómo nació, creció y revolucionó la industria el sistema operativo de software libre que hoy usan desde &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://google.com/" rel="homepage" title="Google"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt; y Amazon hasta la Bolsa de Valores de Londres. Además, cómo instalar &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.kernel.org/" rel="homepage" title="Linux"&gt;Linux&lt;/a&gt; en tu PC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;div class="firma" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #222222; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font: normal normal normal 14px/20px Arial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif; font-size: small;"&gt;Por&amp;nbsp;&lt;a alt="Ver todas las notas de Ricardo Sametband" href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/autor/ricardo-sametband-268" rel="author,up" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" title="Ver todas las notas de Ricardo Sametband"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ricardo Sametband&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #999999; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;|&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: grey; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;LA NACION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;section class="floatFix" id="cuerpo" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; display: block; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 35px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 12px; padding-right: 12px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;div class="primero" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Hace dos días el sistema operativo Linux cumplió 20 años, coronando una historia que comenzó como un ejercicio académico, pasó al ámbito de los hobbistas, los expertos en tecnología, las grandes corporaciones y, finalmente, el público masivo. Esto último incluye tanto a los que activamente eligen usar Linux en alguna de sus múltiples formas (con alguna distribución para la PC, por ejemplo) como a los que lo usan sin saber que lo hacen, como la mayoría de los usuarios de móviles con Android (que está basado en Linux), GPS, computadoras de autos y televisores, entre muchos otros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Y por supuesto es muy utilizado en el ámbito corporativo para todo tipo de tareas; la mayoría de las películas de animación hechas en Hollywood, por ejemplo, se genera con equipos corriendo Linux; es lo que da vida a la gran parte de las supercomputadoras más poderosas del planeta y mantiene en línea a aproximadamente un tercio de los servidores Web del mundo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Fue un 25 de agosto de 1991 cuando el estudiante finlandés Linus Benedict Torvalds publicó, a los 21 años, un mensaje en un grupo de noticias sobre Minix en el servicio Usenet. Minix era un sistema operativo educativo de código abierto creado por el profesor Andrew Tanenbaum, que Torvalds estuvo investigando.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Minix se licenciaba sólo con fines educativos, y Torvalds decidió crear una versión propia gratis y, más tarde, distribuirla con la licencia GPL del Proyecto GNU que Richard Stallman fundó en 1983 (la licencia es de 1989), y que postula la distribución del sistema operativo (o de una aplicación) junto con su código fuente para que pueda ser modificado por los usuarios.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Linux creció al calor de una comunidad mundial de desarrolladores (ver La compu, en página 2), para los que resultó muy atractivo poder modificar el código original a su antojo y llevarlo a computadoras distintas de la que tenía Torvalds (una 386). Esto permitió generar, para bien o para mal, diferentes versiones del mismo tronco de Linux. Estas variaciones se conocen como distribuciones, y existe una cantidad enorme de ellas; las diferencias van desde lo estético hasta las aplicaciones básicas que incluyen o su optimización para ciertos usos o procesadores centrales.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;En el ámbito de las PC, por ejemplo, hay varias muy populares; la que en el último tiempo logró captar el mayor interés de los usuarios es Ubuntu (&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ubuntu.com/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.ubuntu.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;, gratis ). Musix (&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.musix.org.ar/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.musix.org.ar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;) es una distribución armada en la Argentina para músicos; Puppy (&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.puppylinux.org/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.puppylinux.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;) está pensada pasa usarse en computadoras anticuadas. Pero precisamente porque cualquiera con un poco de pericia puede crear su propia distribución, hay muchísimas alternativas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Unas pocas, no obstante, son las que han logrado la sofisticación, simplicidad y difusión necesarias para ser útiles al usuario novel. Además de las mencionadas arriba nos parecen buenas alternativas Fedora (&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.fedoraproject.org/es/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.fedoraproject.org/es&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;), Mint (&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.linuxmint.com/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.linuxmint.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;, usa Ubuntu como base), PCLinux (&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.pclinuxos.com/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.pclinuxos.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;) o Joli (&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jolicloud.com/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.jolicloud.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;, muy orientada al uso de aplicaciones Web), entre muchas otras. En nuestro país hay varias distribuciones en desarrollo; entre las más antiguas y difundidas están Ututo (&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ututo.org.ar/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.ututo.org.ar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;) y Tuquito (&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.tuquito.org.ar/" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.tuquito.org.ar&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Lo importante por tener en cuenta cuando se piensa en Linux para la PC es, primero, que funciona de una manera muy similar a como lo hacen Windows u Mac OS X (y además es gratis). Algunos programas cambian de nombre, otros (como los navegadores Web) son los mismos y algunas tareas se resuelven de una manera levemente distinta, pero con un poco de sentido común y paciencia se puede aprender a manejar este sistema operativo sin complicaciones.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Otros dos elementos clave que deberían ayudar a alguien a decidirse probar Linux es que esto puede hacerse sin modificar un bit de la instalación de Windows de la computadora, y que en el caso de que se quiera instalar en forma permanente en la PC puede convivir con Windows como dos buenos vecinos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Primer paso en Ubuntu&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Consideramos que Ubuntu es una buena alternativa para acercarse al mundo Linux por varias características. Una (que comparte con Joli OS, entre otros) es que puede instalarse como una aplicación dentro de Windows, y se agregará como una alternativa de booteo al inicio del equipo. No hay que particionar el disco ni nada semejante, aunque esto eventualmente será útil si nos gusta Ubuntu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;También (y como otras distribuciones de Linux que usan lo que se denomina Live-CD) es posible grabar el sistema operativo en un CD, DVD o pendrive USB y usarlo desde allí; tardará más en cargar, pero nos permitirá usar las aplicaciones, ver si nos sentimos cómodos con Ubuntu, etcétera, y luego decidir si lo queremos tener en forma permanente en el rígido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Primero hay que ir a&amp;nbsp;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.ubuntu.com./download" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.ubuntu.com./download&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;y elegir cómo lo queremos obtener. Las dos primeras opciones darán un mismo resultado, la descarga de un archivo .ISO que luego hay que grabar como imagen de disco en un CD o DVD (con cualquier software para quemar CD) o en un pendrive, un proceso algo más complejo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;En el tercer caso lo que se descargará es un ejecutable (wubi.exe) muy pequeño. Al correrlo ofrecerá descargar los archivos necesarios para instalar Ubuntu en paralelo a Windows, y requerirá definir cuánto espacio le asignaremos para que use (y en qué disco vivirá, si tenemos más de uno), crear un usuario, elegir un idioma para el sistema y esperar a que baje los datos de Internet. Requiere al menos 4 GB libres en el disco duro, y descargará unos 700 MB de la red, así que el proceso puede tomar un rato. Los usuarios de Windows 7, además, deben ejecutar el archivo con el modo de compatibilidad para Windows Vista.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Terminada la instalación, al reiniciar el equipo aparecerá una pantalla con dos opciones: usar Windows o Ubuntu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Esta distribución, creada por Mark Shuttleworth (al que LA NACION entrevistó en 2008, ver&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1064894" style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; color: #335577; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;" target="_blank"&gt;www.lanacion.com.ar/1064894&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;), tiene algunas particularidades. Se actualiza dos veces al año (más allá de las nuevas versiones para cada aplicación) y con la última (la 11.04) viene activada, de forma predeterminada, una vista denominada Unity, que implica una forma de uso levemente diferente a lo anterior, y a lo que Windows u OS X ofrecen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;En vez de tener una barra superior o inferior con accesos directos, las aplicaciones activas y un menú general donde se listan todas las aplicaciones y herramientas disponibles, Unity propone una barra vertical visible en forma permanente, que funciona como lanzador de herramientas de uso habitual, acceso al buscador y administrador de aplicaciones, archivos (un poco al estilo de cómo funciona el cuadro de búsqueda en el menú Inicio de Windows 7) y punto de entrada a Ubuntu One, la carpeta online gratis con 2 gigabytes de capacidad que recibe cada usuario.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;También está allí el Centro de software, la tienda para descargar aplicaciones de todo tipo. La enorme mayoría es gratis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Los usuarios que vengan de Windows deberían buscar allí e instalar un paquete denominado Extras restringidos, que permite tener en el equipo elementos que no son de código abierto, pero que son populares en Windows, como el soporte para la reproducción de música en formato MP3 o DVD de películas, Adobe Flash 10 para la Web, las tipografías estándar provistas por Microsoft y otros elementos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;También es recomendable buscar los drivers para la placa de video (con la herramienta Controladores adicionales en el menú de administración del equipo), ya que esto permite habilitar, si la PC es suficientemente moderna, animaciones, transparencias y otros muy agradables cambios cosméticos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Las aplicaciones disponibles en Ubuntu son las mismas que estarán en otras distribuciones como Fedora o OpenSuse; lo que cambia, en general, es alguna configuración para optimizar su funcionamiento con el resto de las herramientas incluidas en esa distribución particular. Alcanza con elegir cuál queremos usar, cliquear en el botón Instalar y esperar a que se descargue de Internet; no es necesario configurar nada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Los usuarios que quieran un escritorio de estilo tradicional pueden cambiar esto seleccionando Ubuntu Clásico en la caja que aparece en la base de la pantalla de inicio de sesión. Unity y Gnome (el entorno de escritorio que se cargará con la opción Ubuntu Clásico) no son las únicas alternativas gráficas para Linux. También son muy populares KDE, Xfce y, en los últimos tiempos, LXDE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Cambia no sólo el aspecto de los íconos, las barras y los bordes de las ventanas; también se modifican las herramientas básicas del sistema operativo, las vistas disponibles, la manera en que reacciona ante un comando, etcétera.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="border-bottom-width: 0px; border-color: initial; border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-top-width: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; margin-bottom: 21px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; outline-color: initial; outline-style: initial; outline-width: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Lo bueno de Linux es que es posible cargar estos entornos gráficos como una alternativa más, sin modificar nuestros datos. Si no son de nuestro agrado alcanza con desinstalarlos y seguir como se estaba antes, manteniendo toda nuestra información a salvo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/section&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title" style="font-size: 1em; margin: 1em 0 0 0;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://icehot.wordpress.com/2011/08/29/linux-hardware-information-using-a-gui-or-command-line/"&gt;Linux Hardware Information Using a GUI or Command Line&lt;/a&gt; (icehot.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://moisesbm.wordpress.com/2011/07/07/the-history-of-operating-system/"&gt;The History of Operating System&lt;/a&gt; (moisesbm.wordpress.com)&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;a href="http://ask.metafilter.com/194607/What-is-the-freelance-market-like-for-an-embedded-programmer"&gt;What is the freelance market like for an embedded programmer?&lt;/a&gt; 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float: right;" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7815741100643291292-2320106877413415213?l=justformeoryou.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/2320106877413415213/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/08/veinte-anos-con-linux.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/2320106877413415213'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/2320106877413415213'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/08/veinte-anos-con-linux.html' title='Veinte años con Linux'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-7729015939262991447</id><published>2011-08-21T17:17:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-08-21T17:17:42.768-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='como nacen'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='paradigmas'/><title type='text'>Como nace un paradigma</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object width="480" height="300" class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://2.gvt0.com/vi/uhW-NZOvguI/0.jpg"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/uhW-NZOvguI&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="320" height="266"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/uhW-NZOvguI&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/7815741100643291292-7729015939262991447?l=justformeoryou.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/feeds/7729015939262991447/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/08/como-nace-un-paradigma.html#comment-form' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/7729015939262991447'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7815741100643291292/posts/default/7729015939262991447'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://justformeoryou.blogspot.com/2011/08/como-nace-un-paradigma.html' title='Como nace un paradigma'/><author><name>Ruben Roa</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='32' src='//lh4.googleusercontent.com/-ZGWeJz2VUL4/AAAAAAAAAAI/AAAAAAAACLI/dIkI4gAE2To/s512-c/photo.jpg'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7815741100643291292.post-6164999629088204842</id><published>2011-08-21T14:44:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-10-07T13:16:39.020-07:00</updated><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Steve Jobs'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='John Cage'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Commencement speech'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Stanford University'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='IPhone'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Pioneers'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='Apple'/><category scheme='http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#' term='History'/><title type='text'>Speech from Steve Jobs</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Full speech from &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://www.crunchbase.com/person/steve-jobs" rel="crunchbase" target="_blank" title="Steve Jobs"&gt;Steve Jobs&lt;/a&gt; (Apple´s computer founder) in &lt;a class="zem_slink" href="http://maps.google.com/maps?ll=37.43,-122.17&amp;amp;spn=0.01,0.01&amp;amp;q=37.43,-122.17%20(Stanford%20University)&amp;amp;t=h" rel="geolocation" target="_blank" title="Stanford University"&gt;Stanford University&lt;/a&gt; , year 2005, and translate into spanish as well.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://2.gvt0.com/vi/5_Yndv3141I/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/5_Yndv3141I&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="320" height="266"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/5_Yndv3141I&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"&gt;&lt;object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://3.gvt0.com/vi/X4xO1QUKYxM/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/X4xO1QUKYxM&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" /&gt;&lt;param name="bgcolor" value="#FFFFFF" /&gt;&lt;embed width="320" height="266"  src="http://www.youtube.com/v/X4xO1QUKYxM&amp;fs=1&amp;source=uds" type="application/x-shockwave-flash"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class="zemanta-related"&gt;&lt;h6 class="zemanta-related-title"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;Related articles&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h6&gt;&lt;ul class="zemanta-article-ul"&gt;&lt;li class="zemanta-article-ul-li"&gt;&lt;span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;"&gt;&lt;a href="http://umayrjaved.wordpress.com/2011/08/16/34/" target="_blank"&gt;Steve Job's Speech at Stanford University&lt;/a&gt; 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